Read "New Rural Doctrine": "Vegetable Fertilizer, Wheat and Silkworm Rearing Busy"

The picture shows the cover of Zhou Wuzhong's book New Rural Doctrine: Theory and Practice of Rural Revitalization.


Since the world started the industrialization development model, which is more suitable for human habitation has become a problem, and with the accelerated development of urban and rural construction around the world, this problem has increasingly become a serious practical problem. China has a vast southern and Northern region. Various differences between urban and rural areas in the central, western and eastern regions have long plagued the developing China. So where is the way out and what is the vision? This has inevitably become a hot topic for scholars to offer advice and even actively participate in political discussions.






It is against this background that Zhou Wuzhong, Ph.D. supervisor of Shanghai Jiaotong University and member of Shanghai Political Consultative Conference, based on his childhood life experience in Jiangyin rural areas, especially in the fields of landscape architecture, rural tourism landscape and leisure agriculture, creatively put forward his ideas on the basis of many rural landscape planning and construction practices. Neo-Ruralism, a forward-looking and operable humanistic design concept, is put forward. Combining with relevant cases at home and abroad, a book entitled "New Ruralism: Theory and Practice of Rural Revitalization" (2018 edition of China Construction Industry Publishing House) is published.

In addition to the "introduction" and "postscript", the book has ten chapters, with over 300,000 words and more than 100 illustrations, which can be described as both pictures and texts. From the perspective of content architecture, the content of these ten chapters can be divided into three parts. The first part is the elaboration of relevant theories and concepts. The second part is the introduction of rural construction abroad and abroad. At the same time, it further traces back to the theory of "New Rural Doctrine". The third part is the concrete practice of "New Rural Doctrine". Under the framework of these three paragraphs, we can also extract a process in

  which the author constantly perfects the concept of "New Rural Doctrine".

Zhou Wuzhong's "New Rural Doctrine" is a comprehensive planning concept between urban and rural areas, which embodies regional economic development and infrastructure urbanization, industrial development characteristics and environmental landscape countryside. The core competitiveness of this concept lies in "rural nature", which means the harmonious coexistence of production, life and ecology on the basis of maintaining rural characteristics as far as possible. The theory of "Three Lives Harmony" is of great practical significance for filling the gap between urban and rural areas and promoting the construction of a new countryside as a major goal of a harmonious society.






In 1994, the author put forward for the first time the concept of landscape design of "New Rural Doctrine" in the experiment of rural landscape renovation and natural ecological restoration in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, which advocated "the choice of cities and villages in the planning process, the development of regional economy and infrastructure need to be closer to urbanization". And the environmental landscape needs to maintain the unique characteristics of the countryside. Different from the philosophical and literary significance, or the similar formulation in the promotion of tourism products and real estate, in the design concept of "new rural doctrine", the "rural revitalization" not only refers to the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of the rural population, but also pays attention to the harmonious development of the city and the countryside, and pays attention to the ecological environment and society. Harmony and unity between social and economic benefits. It can be seen that the design concept of "New Rural Doctrine" is proposed to deal with the problem of rural development and breakthrough under the process of "urbanization" which is accelerating step by step. The purpose is to plan the construction of new countryside from the urban and rural perspectives respectively, and then to promote the development of ecological agriculture and rural tourism, so as to nurture a new era environment in China. Country style and features.

So, where to start? To construct a harmonious and holistic picture of life from the theoretical and practical level is the subject that Professor Zhou Wuzhong devotes himself to. Therefore, the "New Rural Doctrine - Theory and Practice of Rural Revitalization" has become a stage achievement.






The main body of the book is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter summarizes the theory of "New Rural Doctrine", and briefly introduces the specific practice at home and abroad, and puts forward the core concept and development model of "New Rural Doctrine". From Chapter 2 to Chapter 4, this paper introduces the "naturalistic elements" of English countryside, the "Romantic Suburb Movement" of the United States, and the general situation and trend of leisure agriculture development in Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Canada, North America, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Australia. Chapters 5 to 10 introduce the construction practice of "New Rural Doctrine" in the Mainland of China, including the vision of "Rural China", "Beautiful Rural Construction", "Agricultural Heritage Protection", "Rural Tourism Landscape and Tourism Product Design", "Rural Complex" and "Small Towns with Agricultural Characteristics".






Generally speaking, the construction connotation of "New Rural Doctrine" is divided into four parts. The summary is as follows:






Firstly, "New Rural Doctrine" seeks the harmonious and coordinated development of the countryside and the city.






Rural and urban are two distinct residential communities, and their operation logic is quite different. The coordinated development of the countryside and the city will not be what the city develops and what the countryside develops, but should share the labor achievements of the two. Rural agricultural products, natural scenery and fresh water and air supply cities and attract urban people; on the contrary, advanced living facilities and technologies in cities can also feed the villages back to achieve the flow of resources and personnel, which often requires government regulation, through policies and legislation, to ensure the existence of rural and urban areas. Sequential development. In the case of Germany, the operators of rural tourism must meet the detailed requirements of the government, such as owning accommodation farms, so that tourists can enjoy the pleasure of the countryside while staying and vacationing here. Such an example is just like the present domestic "farmhouse pleasure" (eating in the farm, living in the farm and living in the countryside). Experience).

Moreover, in order to alleviate the enormous living pressure of urban residents and pay more and more attention to food safety issues, new farms began to emerge, such as "Return organic manor" established by Jiangsu Return Ecological Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., located in Gaochun, Nanjing. In the international slow city of Yaxi Town, not only can provide organic food such as rice and vegetables, but also launched the "landlord plan", which allows customers to rent 0.5 mu of land and cultivate by themselves. The harvest is owned by themselves, which fulfills many people's idyllic dream. But how to make these new farms develop better requires the effective supervision of government departments (economy, food safety, ecological protection, etc.).






Secondly, the purpose of "New Rural Doctrine" is to maximize the preservation of "agricultural heritage".






Rural "regional economic development and infrastructure need to be closer to urbanization" is to make rural life more comfortable and convenient, while trying to catch up with the pace of development of the times, but this can not be at the expense of rural landscape and agricultural heritage, but to achieve "three lives" harmonious development. The so-called "three generations" means production harmony, ecological harmony and life harmony. The author believes that only by emphasizing harmonious development from the economic, natural and human aspects, can the real new socialist countryside be realized.






In the sixth chapter, "China's Most Beautiful Rural and Agricultural Heritage", the author emphasizes that agricultural heritage should be the cultural core of creating beautiful rural landscape. FAO defines agricultural heritage as "a unique land use system and agricultural landscape formed by the long-term co-evolution and dynamic adaptation of rural areas and their environment, which is rich in biodiversity and can meet the needs of local socio-economic and cultural development." It should be conducive to promoting regional sustainable development.

Reinforcement and cement have been criticized for their uniformity in urban construction in China. In the construction of "New Rural Doctrine", efforts should be made to protect the agricultural heritage in different areas. On the one hand, these systems and landscapes can maintain the stability of the rural internal ecosystem, on the other hand, they are also the guarantee of the original appearance of the countryside, thus avoiding the singleness of the development model. Unbalanced development between the outside and the inside. Taking the rice-fish symbiosis system in Qingtian of Zhejiang Province and the traditional farming system in Dutian of Xinghua of Jiangsu Province as examples, the book introduces how the protection of agricultural heritage can effectively promote the construction of beautiful countryside.






Thirdly, "New Rural Doctrine" should seek to integrate with the regional culture of Cathaysia.






The reason why a region has long-term vitality is not only closely related to its natural environment and resources, but also the inherent and mutually recognized cultural atmosphere formed by the people living here in the process of local development and change. It is this kind of local culture and the tradition behind it that makes the bond between people. In the final analysis, people's warmth for the countryside comes not only from the warmth for the local grass, trees, insects, fish, mountains and rivers, but also from the nostalgia for the people there and the interaction between them.






In the second chapter, "Naturalistic Landscape and English Countryside", the author introduces the naturalistic tendencies in British gardening traditions and paintings, aiming at illustrating the integration and influence of culture and rural natural landscape. Last summer vacation, when accompanying family members to Europe, they traveled by bus between several countries on the European continent. They often lamented the changeable terrain: mountainous Germany, especially Bavaria, seemed very cold; while two-thirds of the French territory was plain, with vast grasslands. Despite its small territory, it has become a famous agricultural country in the world. Looking at the green grassland under the blue sky and passing through the unique scrolls of Europe from time to time, many classical figures and scenes of Western literature and art can not help but emerge in my heart. Speaking of western rural life, this may be the imagination of many people.






As a country with a long-term agricultural tradition, there are naturally many such literary and artistic works in China. Tang poetry has the classification of "landscape pastoral poetry". From Xie Lingyun's School of Landscape Poetry in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and Tao Yuanming's School of Pastoral Poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran formed the School of Landscape Pastoral Poetry in the Tang Dynasty, which characterized by describing natural scenery, rural scenery and comfortable and tranquil life in seclusion. They wrote down "The old man has chicken and millet, invitation". I went to the farm (Meng Haoran's Past Resident's Village), "spring dove singing in the house, apricot blossom white beside the tree" (Wang Wei's Spring Pastoral), "plum Golden Apricot fertilizer, wheat blossom, snow and cabbage flower sparse" (Fan Chengda's "Four Seasons Pastoral Heterogeneity One") and other vivid expressions to show the rural scenery and rural life.






In the Grand View Garden of the Chinese classical literary masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions, there is a "Daoxiang Village", which is different from the magnificent and luxurious buildings of other places. The pastoral farmhouse here has its own countryside color, which attracts Jia Zheng's intention of returning to agriculture. It is evident that the literati and Mohists in our traditional culture, although living in the city hall, still live in the city hall. My heart is the beauty of the countryside. However, in the current construction of "new countryside", we seldom see the combination of local culture and Chinese traditional culture of "farming, reading, heirlooms, poetry and Book succession". Therefore, the author believes that we should pay attention to traditional skills, excavate local celebrities, activate local culture, and refine the historical context, regional conditions and social development of a region into The unique character of the place attracts people to enter and feel. "Taking Nanxi River ancient village in Wenzhou as an example, this paper introduces how to build an idyllic complex with the"ploughing and reading culture"as the creative source.






Fourthly, the vision of "New Rural Doctrine" is characteristic rural construction.






In the practice of new rural construction, attention should be paid to the introduction of products with local characteristics and the establishment and maintenance of local brands in the light of local natural and cultural conditions, which is called "people without me, people with me are superior". But not "you" and "you" are the panacea to solve all problems and build characteristics. More importantly, differences are needed to distinguish the development and products of this region from those of other regions, especially those with the same kind of products, and to highlight their own characteristics. Everyone must have this kind of experience more or less. When you go out with friends and family during the holidays and go to different scenic spots, you can buy souvenirs and local products, but they are much the same. All of a sudden, you lose most of your interest in the places you are visiting. The experience of neighbouring Japan in this respect is worth learning. Every place has its own local characteristics. The example of "White Lover" chocolate biscuits has been widely circulated. In fact, not only the "white lover", but also the convenience dishes along the Japanese railways have their own characteristics. Most railway stations have their own convenience dishes. They even set up a national convenience association to demand the quality of the dishes and hold competitions to promote the healthy competition in all parts of the country. 。 Leisure agriculture and rural tourism in China should also pay attention to this point in their development.






But the thirst for characteristics should not only stay on the micro level of products and brands, but also on the macro level to build characteristic towns. Suggestions on how to avoid homogeneity in the construction of small towns are put forward. Successful cases such as Yunqi Town in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Fengjing Town in Jinshan, Shanghai are also introduced.

"Man, a poetic dwelling", originally from a poem by German Romantic poet Holderlin in the 19th century (1770-1843), was quoted and philosophically expounded by German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), with the intention of resisting science and technology by injecting art and poetry into human life. Of course, people's personality disappears and life is fragmented and stereotyped.






If this kind of art and poetry is embodied, then countryside and countryside are undoubtedly the best carriers. In order to make the village a place where people live poetically, we need to make joint efforts in many aspects. Besides the government's attention, commercial subsidies and reasonable planning, the most important thing is that people have strong will to make the village a real home and seek the road of harmonious development of nature and science and technology.






"Mei Ziqing, Mei Zihuang, vegetable manure, wheat and silkworm rearing busy. The mountain monk crosses the mountain to see the old tea man, and the village girl cooks the wine fragrantly. This is Zhu Yunming (1460 - 1527) strolling in the western mountains of Suzhou to see one of the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. We must rationally realize that in the process of building the "new countryside" in the mainland of China, we must have sincere warmth and respect for the Chinese cultural tradition, weed out the old and bring forth the new, and make foreign things serve China. Only in this way can we transform the "new countryside" into a productive force that promotes the concerns of the "new agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the north and south of the Yangtze River. (Author Qiuhe Yuntai)